# How to cite a YouTube video in APA, MLA and Chicago Canonical: https://postmesh.app/blog/how-to-cite-a-youtube-video By PostMesh team. Published 2026-10-31; updated 2026-10-31. In APA 7, cite a YouTube video as Uploader. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL, and in your text give the uploader and year, plus a timestamp when you quote. MLA 9 and Chicago use the same details in a different order; the free [YouTube citation generator](/tools/youtube-citation-generator) lays them out for you. Every citation style asks for the same handful of facts about a YouTube video: who uploaded it, who made it if that's someone else, when it went up, what it's called, and where to find it. The styles differ in the order, the punctuation, the capitalization and how you point to a particular moment. This guide gives the format for APA 7th edition, MLA 9th edition and both Chicago systems, then works through the cases that trip people up: a channel name instead of a person, a real name plus a username, no date, a timestamp, and in-text citations. The examples follow the official MLA Style Center and university library guides that teach APA and Chicago, which are listed at the end. If you just need a citation now, the [YouTube citation generator](/tools/youtube-citation-generator) builds an APA, MLA or Chicago draft from four details you paste in. The rest of this page explains what it's doing, and the few things to check before you hand the citation in. ## The short answer | Style | Pattern | | --- | --- | | APA 7 reference | Uploader. (Year, Month Day). Title in sentence case [Video]. YouTube. URL | | APA 7 in-text | (Uploader, Year) or, for a quote, (Uploader, Year, timestamp) | | MLA 9 works cited | Creator. “Title as Shown on YouTube.” YouTube, uploaded by Account (if different), Day Mon. Year, URL without https:// | | MLA 9 in-text | (Creator timestamp), or a shortened title in quotation marks if there's no creator | | Chicago note | Creator, “Title,” Channel, posted Month Day, Year, YouTube video, time cited, URL. | | Chicago bibliography | Creator. “Title.” Channel. Posted Month Day, Year, YouTube video, running time, URL. | | Chicago author-date | Creator. Year. Title. YouTube. Video, running time. URL; in text (Creator Year, at timestamp) | **Which style does your assignment ask for?** - APA → Uploader first, then the date in parentheses, an italic title, [Video], YouTube and the URL. - MLA → Creator or title first, YouTube in italics, uploaded by, the date and the URL. - Chicago with footnotes → A full note the first time, a short note after, and a bibliography entry with the running time. - Chicago with parenthetical citations → Author-date: (Creator Year, at timestamp) in the text and a reference list entry. *Not told which style to use? Ask. For Chicago, the Chicago Manual of Style's own guide tells students to check with their instructor about which system to use.* **APA 7** - Author: the uploader - Date: (2018, March 7) - Title: sentence case, italic, then [Video] - URL: full, with https:// **MLA 9** - Author: the creator, or start with the title - Date: 7 Mar. 2018 - Title: exactly as on YouTube, in quotation marks - URL: from www. onward **Chicago** - Author: the poster, or a screen name - Date: posted March 7, 2018 - Title: quotation marks or italics, by guide - Adds running time, or the time cited in a note *The same video, three ways of writing the same four facts.* > This page can't show italics, so it says where they go. In APA the video title is italic. In MLA the word YouTube is italic, because it's the container. In Chicago, guides disagree on whether a video title takes quotation marks or italics; see the Chicago section. ## What details do you need to cite a YouTube video? Collect these from the video page before you start. Most are on the page itself: MLA's guidance on [citing YouTube videos](https://style.mla.org/citing-youtube-videos/) points to the date listed below the video and says to copy the title exactly as it appears on YouTube. **Details to note for every video** - [ ] The account or channel that uploaded it - [ ] The creator's real name, if it's shown and differs - [ ] The title, copied exactly - [ ] The upload date shown below the video - [ ] The full URL - [ ] The running time, for Chicago - [ ] The timestamp of any moment you quote - [ ] The date you watched it, if there's no upload date *Write the timestamp down as you watch. Finding it again later is slow.* ### Who counts as the author? This is the question that causes most mistakes, and the three styles answer it a little differently. In APA, the person or group who uploaded the video is the author. Purdue OWL's [APA audiovisual page](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_audiovisual_media.html) puts it as the person or group who uploaded the video, and the University of Portland's [APA guide](https://libguides.up.edu/apa/film_video_tv) says the person who posted the video is credited as the author. In MLA, you list the creator as author when it's clear who made the video, and otherwise start with the title and name the uploading account after YouTube. Chicago guides credit the person who posted the video and use a screen name when no real name is available. **What does the channel tell you about who made the video?** - It's a person and their real name is known → APA: Last, F. [Channel name]. MLA and Chicago: the person's name. - It's a brand, company or group → Use the channel's name as written, in every style. - Someone else made it and this channel uploaded it → APA: the uploader. MLA: creator first, then uploaded by the channel. - Only a username, no real name → Use the username as the author, without brackets. *From the MLA Style Center and the University of Portland, Purdue OWL and Curtin University guides.* ### Where to find the date Use the date shown under the video, which is the upload date. Don't use the date you watched it unless there's no other date, and don't use a date mentioned in the video. If a channel uploaded an older film or broadcast, the original details may be in the description, and MLA's film example takes them from there, as shown in the tricky cases below. ### Copy the title exactly MLA tells you to copy the title as it appears on YouTube, odd capitals and all, because you're citing that version. An MLA Style Center post on [titles of uploaded videos](https://style.mla.org/titles-of-uploaded-videos/) explains why: the same work often appears in several uploads with different titles and lengths, so the uploader's title tells your reader which one you watched. APA is the exception, because it changes capitalization to sentence case in the reference list. ## How do I cite a YouTube video in APA? APA 7's pattern, as Purdue OWL gives it, is: Person or group who uploaded video. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video]. Website host. URL. The website host is YouTube. Four rules finish it off: - The date is the year, then the month and day: (2018, March 7). - The title is in sentence case: capitalize the first word, the first word after a colon, and proper nouns, as Purdue OWL's [APA basic rules](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html) describe. It's also italicized. - Put [Video] in square brackets straight after the title, before the full stop. - Give the full URL, including https://. ### Example: a channel name as the author When the uploader is a brand or group, its name goes in the author spot as written. Purdue OWL uses this video from the Tasty channel: > Tasty. (2018, March 7). 7 recipes you can make in 5 minutes [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o On YouTube the title reads 7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes. APA lowercases everything after the first word because there are no proper nouns in it. In your paper, the title from 7 to minutes is italic. ### Example: a real name plus a channel name When you know the real name of the person behind a channel, APA puts the real name first, inverted with initials, followed by the username in square brackets. The University of Portland's guide says to use the real name followed by the user name in brackets when the real name is provided, and its example is Bill Nye's channel: > Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ASLLiuejAo If you don't know the real name, the same guide says to use the username on its own, without brackets. Don't guess at a real name from a channel name; only use one the channel itself makes clear. ### Example: someone else's work uploaded by a channel Purdue OWL's own channel has a video by Alejandra Ortega. Because APA credits the uploader, the reference starts with the channel: > Purdue OWL. (2019, February 1). Grammar: Active and passive voice [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEP-8lFTKKg Active is capitalized because it's the first word after a colon. If the person who made the video matters to your argument, name them in your sentence, for example: In a Purdue OWL video, Alejandra Ortega explains active and passive voice (Purdue OWL, 2019). ### APA in-text citations APA uses the author and year. Purdue OWL's [APA in-text basics](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html) show both forms: the author's name in your sentence with the year in parentheses, or both in parentheses at the end. When you quote a video, add a timestamp where a page number would go. University library guides teaching APA 7 give the pattern as author, year and the time the quote begins: the University of Portland guide says to include only the beginning timestamp, because it does the job a page number does in print. | Use | APA in-text example | | --- | --- | | Paraphrase, in parentheses | (Tasty, 2018) | | Paraphrase, in your sentence | Tasty (2018) shows... | | Quote, in parentheses | (Nye, 2009, 0:45) | | Quote, in your sentence | Nye (2009) says that... (0:45). | | No date | (Uploader, n.d.) | The timestamps in these examples show the format only; use the time where your quote starts. When you name a video's title in your sentence rather than the author, APA switches to title case, as Purdue OWL's in-text page explains, so the Tasty video becomes 7 Recipes You Can Make in 5 Minutes, in italics. ### No date in APA YouTube shows an upload date on every video page, so this is rare for a video itself. When a date really isn't available, Purdue OWL's [APA electronic sources page](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html) says to use (n.d.) in its place: Uploader. (n.d.). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL. The in-text citation follows suit: (Uploader, n.d.). ### Citing a whole YouTube channel in APA Swansea University's [APA 7 YouTube guide](https://libguides.swansea.ac.uk/APA7Referencing/YouTube) shows a channel cited with (n.d.), the name of the channel tab as the title, [YouTube channel] in brackets, and a retrieval date, because a channel's content changes over time: Channel name. (n.d.). Home [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL. If you're citing a different tab, such as Videos or Playlists, use that tab's name instead of Home. ## How do I cite a YouTube video in MLA? MLA 9 builds every entry from the same core elements: author, title, container, contributors, date and location. For YouTube, the container is YouTube, the date is the one below the video, and the location is the URL. The MLA Style Center's YouTube post gives two ways to start the entry. ### When the creator is clear List the creator as the author, then the title in quotation marks exactly as it appears, then YouTube in italics, the date and the URL. Purdue OWL's [MLA electronic sources page](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_electronic_sources.html) adds that when the author and uploader are the same, you cite them once: > Nye, Bill. “Bill Nye The Science Guy on Energy.” YouTube, 8 Apr. 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ASLLiuejAo. When the creator and uploader differ, put the creator first and the uploader after YouTube, as Purdue OWL's MLA examples do: > Ortega, Alejandra. “Grammar: Active and Passive Voice.” YouTube, uploaded by Purdue OWL, 1 Feb. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEP-8lFTKKg. ### When the creator isn't clear MLA says you can leave out the author, start with the title, and name the uploading account in the contributor slot after YouTube, using uploaded by. It adds that you might include the uploading account even when the creator is clear, if it's helpful. A brand channel like Tasty works well this way: > “7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes.” YouTube, uploaded by Tasty, 7 Mar. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o. ### MLA's date and URL format MLA writes the date as day, month, year. The MLA Style Center's examples abbreviate longer month names, as in 24 Apr. 2014, 12 Jan. 2021 and 20 Sept. 2013, and write out short ones, as in 18 June 2008; Purdue OWL's examples do the same with 3 July 2012. For the URL, Purdue OWL says MLA only requires the www. address, so leave off https://. ### MLA in-text citations MLA's [in-text citation overview](https://style.mla.org/in-text-citations-overview/) says an in-text citation starts with whatever comes first in the works-cited entry, the author's name or the title, and that when you quote or paraphrase a specific part of a work that has a time stamp, the location marker must go in parentheses. For a video, the location marker is the time. MLA's own examples write times as minutes and seconds, such as 2:23, and ranges as 1:09-12. | Use | MLA in-text example | | --- | --- | | Quote, creator known | (Nye 0:45) | | Quote, creator named in your sentence | Bill Nye explains that... (0:45). | | Quote, entry starts with the title | (“7 Recipes” 1:15) | | A range of time | (Ortega 2:10-25) | | Whole video, no specific moment | (Ortega) | So the time is required whenever you quote or paraphrase a particular moment; only a reference to the video as a whole goes without one. An older Style Center post on [time stamps when paraphrasing](https://style.mla.org/time-stamps-paraphrasing/) gives the reason: a time stamp helps your reader find the scene you're discussing. Don't give the title or name in both your sentence and the parentheses. ### No date in MLA MLA's advice for online videos is to work with the information you have, so leave the date out rather than writing n.d. Purdue OWL notes that MLA uses Accessed and the date you viewed an online source, which isn't required but is encouraged when no date is listed. Put it at the end: “Title of Video.” YouTube, uploaded by Account, www.youtube.com/watch?v=... Accessed 31 Oct. 2026. ## How do I cite a YouTube video in Chicago? Chicago has two systems. The Chicago Manual of Style's [citation quick guide](https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html) explains that notes and bibliography uses numbered footnotes or endnotes and is preferred by many in the humanities, including literature, history and the arts, while author-date uses short citations in parentheses and is preferred by many in the sciences and social sciences. Both use the same details. ### Notes and bibliography Red Deer Polytechnic's [Chicago guide for online video](https://guides.rdpolytech.ca/chicago18/citation/video) shows the structure. The first note gives the poster's name, the title in quotation marks, the channel that published it, posted and the date, YouTube video, the time you're citing, and the URL. Later notes are short: surname and a shortened title. The bibliography entry gives the full running time instead of the time you cited. With the Tasty video, that looks like this: > Note: 1. Tasty, “7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes,” posted March 7, 2018, YouTube video, 1:15, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o. > Short note: 2. Tasty, “7 Recipes.” > Bibliography: Tasty. “7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes.” Posted March 7, 2018, YouTube video, 3:49, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o. Here the channel is also the author, so it appears once. When a person made the video and a channel published it, name the person first and the channel after the title, as in the guide's example of a talk by Neil Gaiman posted by the Long Now Foundation. Purdue OWL's [Chicago 18th edition web sources page](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_18th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/web_sources.html) shows a slightly shorter variant that gives the medium as video with the running time, so small punctuation differences between guides are normal. Pick one pattern and use it consistently. ### Author-date Curtin University's [Chicago 18th author-date guide](https://uniskills.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago18/av/) gives the reference as author, year, title, streaming platform, format with running time, and URL, and credits the person who posted the video as the author. If the poster's real name is unknown, it says to use only the username: > Tasty. 2018. 7 Recipes You Can Make In 5 Minutes. YouTube. Video, 3 min., 49 sec. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o. Curtin italicizes the title here. For a quote, its [in-text page](https://uniskills.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago18/in-text/) adds the time after the year with at, written as hours, minutes and seconds, for example (Ellis 2017, at 0:25-9) or (Miller 2015, at 1:12:19-41). For the Tasty video: (Tasty 2018, at 1:15). ### Quotation marks or italics? Guides disagree here. Red Deer Polytechnic and Purdue OWL put a YouTube video's title in quotation marks, while Curtin University's 18th edition author-date guide puts it in italics. Purdue OWL notes that whether a title takes italics or quotation marks varies from one medium to another. Use what your instructor's or department's guide shows, and keep it the same throughout. ### No date or no real name in Chicago Purdue OWL's Chicago web sources page says that if no date is available, use the date you accessed the source, written as Accessed and the date. For authors, it says to use a screen name, handle or pseudonym in place of the author's name when the real name isn't available, to use the publishing organization when there's no listed author, and otherwise to start with the title. ## How do I cite a specific moment in a YouTube video? All three styles let you point to a time, but they put it in different places. Here's the comparison, using the formats from the guides above: | Style | Where the time goes | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | APA 7 | In the in-text citation, the time the quote starts | (Tasty, 2018, 1:15) | | MLA 9 | In the in-text citation, after the author or short title | (Ortega 2:10-25) | | Chicago notes | In the full note, before the URL | YouTube video, 1:15, https://... | | Chicago author-date | In the in-text citation, after at | (Tasty 2018, at 1:15) | **In the text** - APA: author, year, start time - MLA: author or short title, time - Chicago author-date: author year, at time **In the reference entry** - APA and MLA: no time, the whole video - Chicago bibliography: the full running time - Chicago note: the time you're citing *The reference list entry stays the same however many moments you quote.* Write times with colons, as the guides' examples do: 0:45, 12:30, or 1:12:19 for a long video. If you only need part of a long video for a presentation, our guide to [clipping a YouTube video](/blog/how-to-clip-a-youtube-video) covers YouTube's own clip tool, but cite the original video and its timestamp, not the clip. ## How do I cite a YouTube video that only shows a channel name? Most channels never show a real name, and that's fine. Use the channel name exactly as written in every style. Here's how each style handles the common author situations side by side: | Situation | APA 7 | MLA 9 | Chicago | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Brand or group channel | Tasty. | Start with the title, then uploaded by Tasty, or Tasty as author | Tasty. | | Person, real name known | Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. | Nye, Bill. | Bill Nye (note); Nye, Bill. (bibliography) | | Username only | Username, no brackets | Title first, uploaded by Username | Username in place of a name | | Creator differs from uploader | The uploader | Creator first, uploaded by the channel | Creator first, channel after the title | ## How do I cite tricky YouTube sources? ### A film or TV episode someone uploaded MLA treats an entire work uploaded to YouTube, such as a film, as a work with two containers. Its example lists the film's title, director, studio and original year from the YouTube description, then YouTube, the upload date and the URL. If the uploader gave the video a different title from the original, MLA's post on uploaded titles says to cite the uploader's title for that version, while still calling the film by its real name when you discuss it generally. ### A TED talk on YouTube Northwest Iowa Community College's [APA 7 video guide](https://libguides.nwicc.edu/apa7/videos) says that for a TED talk watched on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account as the author to help readers find it. If you watched it on the TED website instead, cite that version. ### A video embedded in an article The MLA Style Center's post on [embedded videos](https://style.mla.org/embedded-video/) gives two options: cite the video itself, with the article as its container and the website as the article's container, or cite the article and say in your sentence that you're referring to a video in it. ### A YouTube Short None of the guides we checked gives a separate format for Shorts. Cite a Short like any other YouTube video, using its own URL, its uploader and its date. ### A YouTube comment Purdue OWL's MLA page says to list the commenter's username as the author and use Comment on before the title of what they responded to. Its Chicago page says comments generally belong in a note rather than the bibliography, with the commenter's name or screen name, the date and a reference to the work they responded to. ### A video that's been deleted or made private Purdue OWL's MLA page recommends keeping a record of when you first consulted each online source, and copies of important material where you can, because online information can change or disappear. Note your access date as you research. If a video you cited has since gone, our guide to [finding deleted YouTube videos](/blog/how-to-find-deleted-youtube-videos) covers where copies sometimes survive. Cite the version you actually watched, and ask your instructor how they want an unavailable source handled. ## How do I use the YouTube citation generator? Our free [YouTube citation generator](/tools/youtube-citation-generator) takes four details, plus the running time for Chicago, and gives you an APA, MLA or Chicago citation to copy. It's worked out in your browser. 1. Paste the video title 2. Enter the uploader or channel 3. Pick the publication date 4. Paste the YouTube link 5. Choose APA, MLA or Chicago and copy *It accepts youtube.com and youtu.be links that start with https://.* It puts each style's elements in the right order, adds [Video] for APA and uploaded by for MLA, writes MLA dates as 7 Mar. 2018 with the link from www. onward, and adds the running time to Chicago. If you leave the date blank, APA gets n.d. and MLA and Chicago get the date you accessed the video. It doesn't look the video up for you, so what you type is what you get. Treat the result as a draft and finish it with these checks: - APA: type the title in sentence case before you copy, or fix it after, and italicize it in your document. For a person with a known real name, enter the author as Last, F. [Channel name]. - MLA: italicize YouTube in your document. If the creator is clear, you can move their name to the front. - Chicago: the draft is a bibliography-style entry. Add the channel name if a person made the video, and turn it into a note if you're using footnotes. - All styles: compare it with your instructor's or department's guide, which wins over any generator. The tool page has its own short FAQ, and the other [free tools](/tools) include counters and generators for YouTube titles and descriptions. ## What are the most common YouTube citation mistakes? **Check before you submit** - [ ] The author is the uploader (APA) or the creator (MLA) - [ ] The date is the upload date, not today's - [ ] The APA title is in sentence case and italic - [ ] The MLA title matches YouTube exactly - [ ] Quotes have a timestamp in the in-text citation - [ ] Every in-text citation matches a reference entry - [ ] One style is used throughout *Most marked-down citations fail one of these.* ### Citing YouTube instead of the uploader YouTube is the platform, not the author. In APA it goes after the title as the website host; in MLA it's the container. The author is the person or channel behind the video. ### Inventing a real name Only use a real name the channel makes clear. A channel called something like a first name isn't enough to turn it into Last, F. If you're unsure, use the channel name as written. ### Mixing up the date The date is when the video was uploaded, shown under it on YouTube. An access date is mostly for cases without an upload date in MLA and Chicago, or for an APA channel page whose content changes. ### Forgetting the in-text half Every source in your reference list needs a matching citation in your text, and the in-text citation has to start with the same word as the entry, the author or the title. MLA's overview makes this point directly: the in-text citation directs your reader to the works-cited entry. ## If you make YouTube videos, make them easy to cite Students and researchers cite what they can identify. If you want credit under your own name, say who you are somewhere a viewer can see it, such as the channel description and the video description, because the guides above only use a real name when it's clear. A clear, stable title helps too, since MLA copies it exactly. The [YouTube title checker](/tools/youtube-title-checker) and [description character counter](/tools/youtube-description-character-counter) check both against YouTube's limits, the [YouTube channel name character counter](/tools/youtube-channel-name-character-counter) checks your channel name, and the [YouTube description generator](/tools/youtube-description-generator) gives you a first draft to edit. For your channel description, which is an easy place for a real name, the [channel description generator](/tools/youtube-bio-generator) helps, and the [YouTube title generator](/tools/youtube-title-generator) suggests clear titles if yours are vague. If you upload on a schedule, PostMesh sends videos to your [YouTube channel](/platform/youtube) through the official YouTube API with the title and description you write, so the details people cite are set once, before the video goes live. Our guides to [scheduling YouTube videos](/blog/how-to-schedule-youtube-videos) and [YouTube thumbnail size](/blog/youtube-thumbnail-size) cover the rest of a clean upload. ## Questions ### Who is the author when citing a YouTube video in APA? The person or group that uploaded the video. If you know the uploader's real name, write it as Last, F. followed by the channel name in square brackets. ### Do I italicize the title of a YouTube video? In APA, yes. In MLA, the title goes in quotation marks and YouTube is italicized. In Chicago, guides differ between quotation marks and italics, so follow your instructor's guide. ### How do I cite a YouTube video with no date? APA uses n.d. in place of the date. MLA and Chicago leave the date out and add the date you accessed the video. ### Do I need a timestamp in my citation? When you quote, yes: in the in-text citation for APA, MLA and Chicago author-date, and in the note for Chicago footnotes. MLA also asks for one when you paraphrase a particular moment. ### Should I include https:// in the URL? In APA and Chicago, give the full URL. Purdue OWL says MLA only requires the address from www. onward. ### Can I use a youtu.be short link? Purdue OWL's Chicago example uses a youtu.be link, and the citation generator accepts both youtu.be and youtube.com links. The full youtube.com address is the clearer choice if you're unsure. ### How do I cite the same video twice in Chicago footnotes? Give the full note the first time, then a short note with the author's surname and a shortened title. ### What's the difference between citing a video and a channel? A video citation uses the upload date and [Video] in APA. A channel citation in APA uses n.d., the tab name as the title, [YouTube channel] and a retrieval date. ### Is the YouTube citation generator free? Yes. Enter the title, uploader, date and link, pick a style, and copy the result. It runs in your browser. ### Which citation style should I use for a YouTube video? Whichever your instructor, department or publisher requires. The format of the video doesn't decide the style. ## Sources - [MLA Style Center: How do I cite YouTube videos?](https://style.mla.org/citing-youtube-videos/) - [MLA Style Center: In-Text Citations: An Overview](https://style.mla.org/in-text-citations-overview/) - [MLA Style Center: How do I treat the title of a work uploaded to a video sharing site?](https://style.mla.org/titles-of-uploaded-videos/) - [MLA Style Center: Should I include a time stamp when paraphrasing?](https://style.mla.org/time-stamps-paraphrasing/) - [MLA Style Center: How do I cite a video embedded in an article?](https://style.mla.org/embedded-video/) - [The Chicago Manual of Style: Citation quick guide](https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html) - [Purdue OWL: APA Reference List: Audiovisual Media](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_audiovisual_media.html) - [Purdue OWL: APA Reference List: Basic Rules](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html) - [Purdue OWL: APA In-Text Citations: The Basics](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html) - [Purdue OWL: APA Reference List: Electronic Sources](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html) - [Purdue OWL: MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_electronic_sources.html) - [Purdue OWL: Chicago 18th edition Web Sources](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_18th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/web_sources.html) - [University of Portland Clark Library: APA 7 film, video and TV](https://libguides.up.edu/apa/film_video_tv) - [Swansea University Library: APA 7 YouTube](https://libguides.swansea.ac.uk/APA7Referencing/YouTube) - [Northwest Iowa Community College Library: APA 7 videos](https://libguides.nwicc.edu/apa7/videos) - [Red Deer Polytechnic Library: Chicago online video](https://guides.rdpolytech.ca/chicago18/citation/video) - [Curtin University UniSkills: Chicago 18th author-date audiovisual](https://uniskills.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago18/av/) - [Curtin University UniSkills: Chicago 18th author-date in-text citations](https://uniskills.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/chicago18/in-text/)